Study: Bioequivalence of serum-free and serum-containing manufacturing formulations of Avonex/interferon beta-1a, sponsored by Biogen. 12

Design and measurements: This phase I randomized, single-blind crossover study records 96 actual healthy adult participants, aged 18–45. The protocol administered 60-microgram intramuscular doses of the two formulations on separate study days and compared pharmacokinetic exposure. These are experimental protocol details, not routine multiple-sclerosis dosing instructions. 12

What is established: The record gives study completion in October 2003 and first registration in June 2009. Numerical exposure ratios and confidence intervals were not verified. “Serum-free” refers to formulation/manufacturing, not the absence of serum in a participant. This study does not measure relapse or disability outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis. 12