Health E Heart tested a risk-stratified telephone disease-management program for VA patients with heart failure. The original report included 458 participants, with a one-year intervention and follow-up period. The authors described randomization, but allocation used the last digit of the patient’s Social Security number, an important design limitation. 12
After one year, the intervention showed no significant clinical-outcome or survival advantage. Participants reported better adherence to weight monitoring and exercise recommendations. Heart-failure-related costs were higher in the intervention group; overall costs were also higher when program costs were included. 2
The study therefore distinguishes improved self-management behavior from proven clinical benefit. It does not establish that all telehealth models are ineffective: this was one variable-intensity program in a predominantly male, older VA population. 2